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Read, Anthony (2003). The Devil's Disciples: The Lives and Times of Hitler's Inner Circle. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-224-06008-2.
Michael, Robert (2006). Holy Hatred: Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust. Springer. ISBN 0230601987. The ban on the Nazi Party was lifted before the Reichstag elections on 20 May 1928. [75] The Nazi Party lost nearly 100,000 voters and earned only 2.6 per cent of the vote nationwide. Results in Berlin were even worse, where they attained only 1.4 per cent of the vote. [76] Goebbels was one of the first 12 Nazi Party members to gain election to the Reichstag. [76] This gave him immunity from prosecution for a long list of outstanding charges, including a three-week jail sentence he received in April for insulting the deputy police chief Weiß. [77] The Reichstag changed the immunity regulations in February 1931, and Goebbels was forced to pay fines for libellous material he had placed in Der Angriff over the course of the previous year. [78] Goebbels continued to be elected to the Reichstag at every subsequent election during the Weimar and Nazi regimes. [79] Hale, Oron J. (1973). The Captive Press in the Third Reich. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00770-5.
As the war drew to a close and Nazi Germany faced defeat, Magda Goebbels and the Goebbels children joined Hitler in Berlin. They moved into the underground Vorbunker, part of Hitler's underground bunker complex, on 22 April 1945. Hitler committed suicide on 30 April. In accordance with Hitler's will, Goebbels succeeded him as Chancellor of Germany; he served one day in this post. The following day, Goebbels and his wife Magda committed suicide, after having poisoned their six children with a cyanide compound. Later on 1 May, Voss saw Goebbels for the last time: "While saying goodbye I asked Goebbels to join us. But he replied: 'The captain must not leave his sinking ship. I have thought about it all and decided to stay here. I have nowhere to go because with little children I will not be able to make it, especially with a leg like mine'." [273] On the evening of 1 May, Goebbels arranged for an SS dentist, Helmut Kunz, to inject his six children with morphine so that when they were unconscious, an ampule of a cyanide compound could be then crushed in each of their mouths. [274] According to Kunz's later testimony, he gave the children morphine injections but Magda Goebbels and SS- Obersturmbannführer Ludwig Stumpfegger, Hitler's personal doctor, administered the cyanide. [274] Goebbels had frequent discussions with Hitler about the fate of the Jews, a subject they discussed almost every time they met. [184] He was aware throughout that the Jews were being exterminated, and completely supported this decision. He was one of the few top Nazi officials to do so publicly. [185] World War II [ edit ]
Goebbels was particularly interested in controlling the radio, which was then still a fairly new mass medium. [143] Sometimes under protest from individual states (particularly Prussia, headed by Göring), Goebbels gained control of radio stations nationwide, and placed them under the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (German National Broadcasting Corporation) in July 1934. [144] Manufacturers were urged by Goebbels to produce inexpensive home receivers, called Volksempfänger (people's receiver), and by 1938 nearly ten million sets had been sold. Loudspeakers were placed in public areas, factories, and schools, so that important party broadcasts would be heard live by nearly all Germans. [143] On 2 September 1939 (the day after the start of the war), Goebbels and the Council of Ministers proclaimed it illegal to listen to foreign radio stations. Disseminating news from foreign broadcasts could result in the death penalty. [145] Albert Speer, Hitler's architect and later Minister for Armaments and War Production, later said the regime "made the complete use of all technical means for domination of its own country. Through technical devices like the radio and loudspeaker, 80 million people were deprived of independent thought." [146] Hitler was the focal point at the 1934 Nuremberg Rally. Leni Riefenstahl and her crew are visible in front of the podium. Desktops, Monitors, Pen drives, Hard drives, Memory cards, Computer accessories, Graphic cards, CPU, Power supplies, Motherboards, Cooling devices, TV cards & Computing Components 15 Days Returnable Paul Joseph Goebbels ( pronounced [ˈpaʊ̯l ˈjoːzɛf ˈɡœbl̩s] ⓘ; 29 October 1897– 1 May 1945) was a German philologist and Nazi politician who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945. He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted followers, known for his skills in public speaking and his deeply virulent antisemitism which was evident in his publicly voiced views. He advocated progressively harsher discrimination, including the extermination of the Jews in the Holocaust.
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After midnight on 29 April, with the Soviets advancing ever closer to the bunker complex, Hitler married Eva Braun in a small civil ceremony in the Führerbunker. [261] [d] Afterward, he hosted a modest wedding breakfast. [262] Hitler then took secretary Traudl Junge to another room and dictated his last will and testament. [263] [d] Goebbels and Bormann were two of the witnesses. [264]
Goebbels giving a speech in Lustgarten, Berlin, August 1934. This hand gesture was used while delivering a warning or threat. [64] By 1930 Berlin was the party's second-strongest base of support after Munich. [66] That year the violence between the Nazis and communists led to local SA troop leader Horst Wessel being shot by two members of the KPD. He later died in hospital. [86] Exploiting Wessel's death, Goebbels turned him into a martyr for the Nazi movement. He officially declared Wessel's march Die Fahne hoch ( Raise the flag), renamed as the Horst-Wessel-Lied, to be the Nazi Party anthem. [84] Great Depression [ edit ]
In hopes of winning over the opposition, Hitler arranged meetings in Munich with the three Greater Ruhr Gau leaders, including Goebbels. [51] Goebbels was impressed when Hitler sent his own car to meet them at the railway station. That evening, Hitler and Goebbels both gave speeches at a beer hall rally. [51] The following day, Hitler offered his hand in reconciliation to the three men, encouraging them to put their differences behind them. [52] Goebbels capitulated completely, offering Hitler his total loyalty. He wrote in his diary: "I love him... He has thought through everything," "Such a sparkling mind can be my leader. I bow to the greater one, the political genius." He later wrote: "Adolf Hitler, I love you because you are both great and simple at the same time. What one calls a genius." [53] As a result of the Bamberg and Munich meetings, the National Socialist Working Association was disbanded. [54] Strasser's new draft of the party programme was discarded, the original National Socialist Program of 1920 was retained unchanged, and Hitler's position as party leader was greatly strengthened. [53] Propagandist in Berlin [ edit ] Place the balloon in the bowl of water, and let it fill up. The water will help toShape the balloon.
